Vintage Report Shaw + Smith 2011

It’s that time of year. Most of the harvest is safely in the winery, winemakers are starting to wean themselves off the caffeine and get back to normal sleep patterns, and news about vintage is spreading like…well, like botrytis.

 

The natural inclination is to try to mentally summarize, classify, and categorize the vintage in our minds. To take the information and simplify it so we can describe it and pass it on is instinctive and generally useful. Take Burgundy in 2009 for instance. Terrific for reds, with rich, ripe, and vibrant fruit: good but not great for whites, with some lacking a bit of zip.

 

For the Adelaide Hills in 2011, it’s a harder vintage to pigeonhole.  Firstly, vignerons needed to be vigilant with the disease pressure pretty constant right from the start of the season. Initially downy and powdery mildew were the threats, and then later in the season botrytis became an issue.  Keeping canopies open with good aeration was important.  Keeping on top of spray programs, be they organic or otherwise, was also important.  Hand picking was more important than ever in order to select the best grapes and protect them.

 

Cool conditions in February ensured that vintage was running late compared to long-term averages, and very late compared to recent averages. Although much of February was dry, there was 60 mls on February 19th, which is more than double the long-term average for the month. Late February and early March was mild and dry, until 30 mls over 2 days on March 8th and 9th, which was followed by more cool days, with the maximum temperature exceeding 25°C at Mount Barker on only two days between March 8th and 28th. That period also included 5 days of rain from Sunday March 20th until Thursday March 24th.

 

We can look back on the total rainfall in February and March, which at 147.4 mls was over 2.5 times the long term average for that period (56.1mls). But it was not just the amount, but also the timing of the rain that set in on Sunday March 20th that was the final straw for some vineyards. From then on the race between ripening and botrytis was on, and some varieties and vineyards fared better than others.

 

On the positive side, the cool to mild late summer and autumn meant ripening in cool conditions, good acid retention, and, in the case of Pinot Noir, ripe stems. Although somewhat counter-intuitive 2011 is the first vintage in which some whole bunches (10–25%) were included in the Pinot ferments.  The long ripening period also meant good flavor development in those varieties and sites that achieved full ripeness in the cool conditions.

 

So for a quick round up by variety, here is how things have turned out for us at Shaw and Smith.

 

• Sauvignon Blanc – the most successful variety for us. Warmer sites did better this year. Hand-picking was important to be able to exclude bunches with botrytis.  The resulting wine has excellent aromatics and flavor.
• Chardonnay – of the varieties we make, Chardonnay was hardest hit by botrytis. A miniscule quantity of M3 Chardonnay was made.
• Pinot Noir – A small amount of good quality fruit was picked in good conditions on March 19th before the rain set in. While the fruit was very good quality, it was decided that it wasn't of Shaw + Smith quality. A small amount of Ingognito Pinot Noir was made.
• Shiraz – The fruit looked good on the vine, but struggled to reach optimum ripeness levels. A small amount of good quality fruit was picked, but not of Shaw + Smith quality.

 

The vintage took a toll on grape growers. To have a season that required high inputs in labour and fighting disease, and to then lose the whole crop is a reminder of how cruel the weather gods can be.

 

So after all that, can it be summarized in a few words?  How about “Wet, cool and late, some rot about, but some good results from early varieties like Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir.”

 

Yvonne May

It has been a few short months since Yvonne May was appointed to the role of Wine Australia’s Regional Director for the UK, Ireland, and Europe, but you could forgive her if she already had second thoughts about taking on the role. The long list of problems facing her and Australian wine in the UK seem almost insurmountable.  Key trade buyers and press are apparently bored by Australia and underwhelmed by the quality and value on offer.  The strong Australian dollar is a continuing barrier, with Europe and South America becoming more attractive, and that trend is compounded by the growing tax burden in the UK.  Key large producers have lost confidence in the direction of Wine Australia in the UK, and have pulled out of the program.

 

If all the negativity surrounding the Australian category is getting May down, she’s not showing it. In fact she meets it head on, pointing out that if producers are talking negatively, it could easily become a self-fulfilling prophecy.  There certainly seems to be little danger of May getting bogged down by any negative sentiment. When I interviewed her during her recent visit to Australia, she came across as highly enthused and full of confidence about Australia’s outlook in the UK.  As she points out, Australia has the largest share of the UK wine market, with about 21% by volume and value.  The recent ‘Australia Day’ tasting in London attracted 35% more attendees than last year, including good representation from key buyers and press.  And although she takes a positive line as befits her PR background, the problems that Australia faces as a brand and as a category are not glossed over. Encapsulating the challenge facing Wine Australia, May cites a Decanter poll in which over 60% of respondents associated Australia with “mass-produced” wine. 

 

So there is clear recognition of the need to build Australia’s reputation for regional, artisanal wine with consumers and trade. To that end, May is supportive of the push to promote Australia’s regionality – she believes “regionality is important to inspire established drinkers” - but at the same time she is pragmatic about the need to be inclusive of wines that don’t fit the regional criteria in programs like A+ Australian Wine. May points out that not only does A+ currently exclude the generics, like Australia’s biggest selling brand in the UK, Jacob’s Creek, but it also excludes the likes of wines blended from more than one region, like Grange and Eileen Hardy.  If we want to use it as a way to help people trade up, May points out, “we need to include the wines from which they trade up.” Currently someone googling Jacobs Creek would not find their way to the A+ site, and its wealth of information about Australian wine.  It is an anomaly that she plans to redress, and that’s a move that will have its critics. One of the key elements of the A+ program was that it was limited to wines that came from one of Australia’s 62 regions, that the region was shown on the label, and that it was a genuine brand, bottled in Australia, not a BOB and/or bottled in the UK.  These tight criteria are now under review.

 

A critic could point to the move of Fosters to pull out of the UK promotional program just after May started, indicating the big companies are not above playing games to maximize their influence within Wine Australia.  Is there a danger that in trying to appease the likes of Fosters and Australian Vintage Limited, too much ground will be given and the focus on Australia’s regional distinctiveness will be compromised? Certainly I think there is a danger, but I also think there’s every chance that May will manage to accommodate the marketing imperative and the political sensitivities.

 

One of the biggest issues facing Wine Australia management, that of the method of funding, should be resolved this year, with a review of the tonnage based funding that forms an important part of the annual Budget. The Wine Grape Levy, which contributed $3.162 million in FIN 09/10, was $383,000 down on the previous year’s figure, and with the 2011 harvest affected by heavy rain in many areas, it may fall once again, putting more pressure on the organization. In terms of the promotional arm of Wine Australia, the unpredictability of the funding can impact on the ability to deliver the long term market support that our key export markets need.

 

Yvonne May is an experienced PR pro, has worked with Australian wine for many years, and is well connected with the gatekeepers in the UK market.  Both producers and importers that I’ve spoken to see her appointment as a positive one for Wine Australia. I think we can expect a return to the PR zeal, the relentless belief in the potential of Australian wine, and the engagement with UK press and trade that marked the tenure of Hazel Murphy, with whom all incumbents of this role are inevitably, and usually unfairly, judged.  With the resignation of Paul Henry from his role as General Manager – Market Development last December, and the relatively short amount of time that May’s predecessor, Lisa McGovern, spent in the role, it is very important for Wine Australia in the UK that May is able to quickly gain the confidence of the UK trade and Australian producers. Once they have confidence in her, the next trick will be getting the UK trade and Australian producers to regain confidence in each other.

 

First published in WBM - Australia's Wine Business Magazine.

 

The Recent Comments From Huon Hooke About Sommeliers

The recent comments from Huon Hooke about sommeliers (at date of writing the article was online www.smh.com.au, in the executive style section) and the robust criticism of them from the likes of Dan Sims, Peter Healy, and Rob Walters (www.thewineguide.com.au) provide food for thought.  Hooke talks of sommeliers whose “conversation is all about the rarest, most obscure imported wines they've tasted lately”, while Sims talks of wine articles that “fail to inspire and engage.” The question that has them at odds, if I have it straight, is whether or not sommeliers at top restaurants are too enamoured with European wines at the expense of local wines.  Sims also points out the lack of focus from Wine Australia on the domestic market, a problem that I know is now being addressed by the promotional body.

 

As someone who manages wine lists, who has been an importer, and who is now employed in the dark arts of marketing and selling Australian wine, the debate has particular interest. The key point in my view is that sommeliers, and writers for that matter, make choices to buy, review, recommend, and drink certain wines. It is appropriate for Huon Hooke to speak his mind on the state of wine lists, but for a local producer/seller/marketer, getting upset with those choices that sommeliers make is a waste of time. Trying to understand why they make those choices, though, is time well spent. To get persnickety about a sommelier who is going through a bout of enthusiasm for mencia and godello is to take one’s eye off the proverbial bull, and is just as dangerous. As Huon mentioned in his reply to the blog outrage, he remembers the bad old days before the rise of sommeliers, and I remember those days too. To come across people who cared about their wine list was a rare treat.  Now they really care, and if that means getting carried away and listing a verzontal of Agiorgitiko then bring it on, as long as the wines are good. If we have people who are motivated to taste and learn and pass that on to their customers then we are lucky, and if we have something interesting for them they are likely to check it out sooner or later.

 

Back, though, to understanding the choices that sommeliers are making. I don’t see any evidence that the importance of the relationship between sommeliers and their ‘reps’ is diminishing. Sommeliers buy from people who give them good service, who have interesting wines for them, and whose wines fit their business needs. And very high in any business’s needs is margin. Large parts of our restaurant industry use wine margins to subsidise food prices that don’t provide adequate margins on the labour and produce. With margin return from a wine list so important, diverse and at times obscure wines can help a restaurant to provide both value and the perception of value. 

 

One point that Rob Walters made was that “we have a remarkable wine culture in Australia at the moment”, a sentiment that I agree with wholeheartedly. It also makes me think about that culture, how we nurture it, how we want it to develop. If part of that culture is that we want our local product to be valued and revered and supported by the restaurant trade, it is our job to make that happen, rather than our right that it should come to pass.

 

Dr John Herron is the Chairman of the Australian National Council on Drugs (ANCD) and he has written to school principals urging them to avoid alcohol related fundraising, including wine offers to parents and friends.  It struck me as a wrongheaded idea the moment I read of it, but it took Tyson Stelzer (see www.clearaboutwine.com.au) to articulate just why it is so wrong. His description of Herron’s call as “naïve and dangerous” is spot on, and he goes on to explain the importance of young people seeing “responsible and appropriate contexts of alcohol use in our society.” 

 

In my case becoming involved in the wine business taught me that alcohol could be far more interesting than being a pathway to inebriation. Ironically, the wine business helped me to develop a healthier attitude to alcohol, and reduced my tendency to drink to excess.

 

It is at times like this that organisations like Wine Australia need to step up and present a mature and considered response that emphasises a commitment to responsible consumption, but doesn’t tolerate dopey thinking from a body like the ANCD, which has the ear of the government. In the meantime, a thank you note to Mr Stelzer wouldn’t go astray.

 

First published in WBM - Australia's Wine Business Magazine.

 

Chardonnay

When it comes to charting the fortunes of grape varieties in the Australian wine market, a decade is a long time. Take for example the contrasting evolution of Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. Ten years ago, Chardonnay comfortably outsold Sauvignon Blanc, with only a few forward scouts from the twin islands making the initial forays of what would become a full-scale Sauvignon invasion.  Despite the fall from grace of the ‘Unwooded Chardonnay’ phenomenon, Chardonnay was still the leading the way for white wines in volume terms, with cheap and moderately cheerful examples selling well at home and away.

 

Ten years on the market dominance of Chardonnay has ended as Sauvignon Blanc, brimming with self-assurance, has plied its overt charms to devastating effect. The irony, though, is that whilst Chardonnay has slipped in the popularity charts that are fed by barcode scanners at retail outlets, it has regained credibility in a host of other places, including wine shows and newspaper columns but most importantly in vineyards and wineries. When it comes to the top end of Australian wine, Chardonnay is driving a lot of the excitement.

 

The fact that it is grown in so many diverse regions, from the chill of northern France to the desert of Mendoza, has given Chardonnay multiple personalities.  But the fundamentals remain. Chardonnay is relatively low in aromatics; it doesn’t jump out the glass like Sauvignon Blanc.  Chardonnay has some mid-palate richness of texture that is apparent even when grown at the cool margins of climate in places like Chablis. It can have high acidity, but the acid drops quickly when it ripens. It is also an acidity that doesn’t have the harshness that Sauvignon’s acidity can present, nor the long seam of firm and fine acid that Riesling relies on. There’s also Chardonnay’s affinity with malolactic fermentation (which softens the acidity and adds textural and flavour complexity) to consider, and likewise its ability to gain complexity from fermentation and maturation in French oak.  Flavours are many and varied, and a whole gamut of descriptors could be listed under numerous categories such as floral, citrus, stone fruits, spice, cream, and nuts. 

 

Rewinding a decade once again, and one of the criticisms leveled at Australian Chardonnay was that it was too fat and oaky. Excessive ripeness, injudicious malolactic fermentation, and too much new oak were making wines with oodles of peaches, cream, and oak flavour, but lacking freshness, zip, and drive. From those failings has come the impetus to try new techniques, to make wines that can age, and to toss out the old rulebook. 

 

Leading the charge has been winemakers like Michael Dhillon at Bindi in the Macedon Ranges, along with Dave Bicknell, Mac Forbes, and Steve Webber at Oakridge, Mac Forbes, and Debortoli, all in the Yarra Valley, and Sandro Mosele at Kooyong and Tom Carson, now with Yabby Lake, both on the Mornington Peninsula. They’ve embraced techniques like earlier picking, pressing whole bunches rather than crushing the grapes, using malolactic fermentation sparingly if at all, and reducing their lees stirring. All these techniques are aimed at making wines that have fresh acidity, and a tightness of structure as opposed to opulent fruitiness. 

 

For some tasters these wines will appear too austere and lacking in flesh and generosity, and that can be a danger with these styles. Pushing these boundaries to make more restrained styles will result in some wines that miss the mark. Nevertheless, the wines are garnering some strong reviews, with Bicknell’s Oakridge 864 Chardonnay 2009 in particular receiving wide acclaim. They are also at least partly responsible for Chardonnay’s renaissance as a variety that is exciting consumers and trade alike.

 

For a Chardonnay fan like me – as far as I’m concerned it is the greatest white grape of all - the interest in Chardonnay and the serious efforts going into making better Chardonnay are welcome news. It is also nice that the Anything But Chardonnay sentiment is a fading memory. But there are still a lot of consumers out there who haven’t forgiven Chardonnay for its previous sins. That is a shame, as the quality is going up fast. The vines are getting older, and we’re learning lessons about where Chardonnay really works well.

 

One of the tough lessons is that while Chardonnay may be forgiving in the winery and adaptable to various climes, it won’t work everywhere. In fact, I’m not sure it’s as adaptable as it’s made out to be. The list of regions in Australia where top notch Chardonnay is being made is quite short, and the variety’s alleged ability to be grown nearly anywhere is, in my view, one reason that it fell from favour.  It is only mediocre Chardonnays can be grown nearly anywhere.

 

To now really part ways with the accepted wisdom, I put it to you that for the purposes of making genuinely outstanding Chardonnay, it is a variety as climate and site sensitive as Pinot Noir.  A small number of regions make excellent Chardonnay; likewise with Pinot Noir. Happily, Chardonnay is now being given the attention and the care, love and obsession that Pinot Noir has had for years, and the results are starting to show.  

 

First published in WBM - Australia's Wine Business Magazine.

 

Too Many Wine Producers?

I’ve never felt entirely comfortable with the idea that we have too many wine producers in Australia. It has become common over the last 10 years for commentators to express concern at the growing number of new producers in an industry that appears to be saturated.  When so many of our wine businesses are barely profitable, and some downright unprofitable, is it sheer folly for people to keep throwing their hat into the ring? 

 

On one level, it is, or it can be, a folly. But it is important to make a distinction between new producers, and new vineyards. Many new entrants, indeed the vast majority of late, are not planting new vineyards, but are sourcing from existing vineyards. What the current growth in the number of wineries in Australia amounts to is a fragmentation of the industry. This has some downsides but it is by no means all downside. There is potential upside in fragmentation as well, if we consider the big picture of the Australian wine community.

 

An exercise I did recently for a new Pinot Noir themed website involved comparing a dozen of the best red burgundy producers. (The regular reader(s) of this column will realise that I often look to burgundy for inspiration, and some may suggest that burgundy doesn’t hold all the answers for us in Australia – enough, of course it does). Anyway what interested me is that of the dozen top producers I looked at, 10 of the 12 have less than 20 ha, and the other 2 (DRC and Leroy) have less then 30 ha. Admittedly there are many different factors that have influenced the evolution of burgundian domaines. Still, it says something that the greatest wines are coming from domaines that in Australian terms would be considered small.

 

Another comparison I want to mention is that between Italy and Australia. Angelo Gaja told me a couple of years ago that Italy had too many wineries and needed some rationalisation.  The number of registered wineries at the time – about 44,000. Given that Italy makes about 5 times as much wine as Australia, if we had a similar number of wineries in relation to our volume, we would have nearly 9,000 wineries, which makes our 2,500-odd seem a pretty modest number.  Whilst I’m not suggesting that we need any more vines, or that we need 9,000 producers for that matter, the number of wine producers continuing to creep up doesn’t strike me as cause for alarm. The new entrants provide new enthusiasm, new ideas on style and quality, and the best ones are important in keeping the wine sector exciting for consumers, buyers, and wine writers. They also add their marketing ideas, their contacts, their efforts, and their intellects to the job of selling Australian wine. When I think about some of the recently minted brands, names like Jamsheed, Head Wines, Ducks in a Row, Beach Road, Dandelion, Serrat, and Ocean Eight, I’m certain that they are part of the solution rather than adding to the problem.

 

 

There’s been a bit of noise of late about the rise in popularity of imported wine, and whether it is getting out of hand.  A recent letter from a highly regarded winemaker urged fellow winemakers and wine show judges to drink Australian wine exclusively for a month. Similar sentiments have been expressed on twitter. As much as I love good Australian wines, I won’t be going without Chablis and Barolo for a week, let alone a month. My contention is that a winery, like, say, SC Pannell, has more in common with Descendientes de J. Palacios than with Yellowtail, and more in common with Isole e Olena than with Rosemount, especially given Rosemount’s recent fruity adventures.  So if we want to be loyal to our own kind, I think the way to do it is to drink the wines of people who make wines that we want to drink, and who can give us inspiration, rather than be constrained by borders. I’d also argue that the embracing of imported wine, in particular by the winemaking community in Australia over the last 10 years, has given great impetus to creativity and quality in Australian winemaking.

 

First published in WBM - Australia's Wine Business Magazine.